Trump has been elected twice - he can't run again - Trump must leave office on 20th Jan 2029 for last time - even Congress can't change this - set in US Constitution
The term limit is set in the US Constitution. in the 22nd Amendment, so the president can't change it and Congress can't change it.
QUOTE No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, ..
The only way to change it is with a Constitutional Amendment which can only be done at the end of a long process.
TEXT ON GRAPHIC:
Trump can’t be elected again after Jan 20th, 2029
20th Amendment: The terms of the President and the Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January...
22nd Amendment: No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, ..
So Trump has been elected twice. He can't run for office again.
A presidential CANDIDATE can run for as many elections as they like
but they can't be ELECTED more than twice.
Also, the Constitution requires the president’s term to end on January 20.
There are no exceptions that would allow the president to stay in office after that date unless the president is reelected which Trump can't be because of the term limit.
QUOTE STARTS
No one, not even the president, can cancel the presidential election. Congress set the current date for presidential elections in 1845 and it has been held on this date every four years — even through the Civil War and two world wars – for over 175 years.
Furthermore, the Constitution requires the president’s term to end on January 20. There are no exceptions that would allow the president to stay in office after that date unless the president is reelected.
That is by the 20th Amendment.
QUOTE The terms of the President and the Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January...
So Trump leaves the White House at noon on Jan 20th 2029 and nothing he can do can change that. Also nothing Congress can do. And there is no way that 38 states would ratify a change to this.
QUOTE STARTS
Only one person has served more than two terms as president: Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was the longest-sitting president in United States history, serving from 1933 to 1945.
That third term led to controversy, according to the National Constitution Center. The nation's first president, George Washington, had established a precedent of only two terms in office per president, and some saw Roosevelt's break from tradition as a threat to democracy.
In 1947, Congress approved the 22nd amendment. The amendment was ratified in February 1951.
How many times can someone run for president?
There's no limit to how many times someone can run for president.
There have been more than a few perennial candidates for president throughout American history. Harold Stassen, a former governor of Minnesota, ran for president as a Republican candidate nine times between 1944 and 1992. Lyndon LaRouche ran for president in eight consecutive elections between 1976 and 2004 — once as the candidate for the U.S. Labor Party, which he had founded, and seven times as a candidate for the Democratic party.
. Can Trump run again in 2028? Get the details on term limits for presidents
Any change in the text must be approved by 3/4 of US state legislatures, usually by a simple majority in both chambers in 3/4 of US states in both chambers (the governor’s approval not needed). In the special case of Nebraska which has only one chamber it needs just the one majority vote in the House.
BLOG: Why US constitution can’t be amended by Republican controlled legislatures on their own
Also for anyone who might think that the Supreme Court would find some fantastical way to interpret The conservative justices are NOT MAGA and don't make their judgements for political reasons. They are formalist, originalist, and structuralist.
Republican presidents tend to choose justices that are
* originalist (original meaning of the text) and
* structuralist (idea that you can deduce many things from the structure of the constitution not said explicitly) and
* formalist (that law has an unchanging meaning it's their task to uncover)
Democrat presidents tend to select justices that are
* realist (that the uncertainty of law is a feature that helps justices adapt to changes in society).
Originalist, structuralist and formalist justices tend to favour conservative ideas but it is not based on any kind of political agenda and they often rule against Republicans.
The very last thing an originalist, structuralist or formalist justice would do is some new and original interpretation of the US Constitution that would interpret the term limit in such a way as to make it go away.
That makes ABSOLUTELY NO SENSE and won't happen.
And as you see the text is really clear. There isn't any other way to interpret:
QUOTE No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, ..
QUOTE The terms of the President and the Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January...
No justice could EVER be persuaded to interpret that text to say that Trump can stand for a third election or stay in office after Jan 20th.
Also there is nothing that Trump can do about it as president.
He tried to stay on last time. But he can't. At 12 noon, Jan 20th 2029, the keys to the White House go to the next president. He can no longer enter the house without permission and has to pack up all his things and leave.
Also at 12 noon on Jan 20th 2029 the oath of office of all the police, the National Guard, the military etc switches to the new president. Theoretically, if Trump told a regiment to march West and the next president told them to march East then at 1 noon Jan 20th they would have to turn and march the opposite direction as their oath automatically transferred from Trump to the next president.
Could Trump be selected as speaker and then the president and the vice president resign so he takes over as president for an unelected third term? - would be a Supreme Court case but likely skipped as ineligible.
I can't see it actually happening. But on that hypothetical situation, I think that would go to the Supreme Court. It is possible to elect anyone as speaker of the House, was some speculation about doing that with Trump.
If the president resigns the Vice president becomes president. If he also resigns then the Speaker of the House becomes president. The speaker of the House can be anyone the House selects, and doesn't need to be an elected legislator.
In that case, the question would be if the speaker of the House is disqualified by having been elected twice.
The language is: "No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice,"
But it doesn't actually say whether a person who has been elected twice can serve as president without being elected (e.g. through Speaker or Vice President).
I've looked it up and found this article about it:
QUOTE STARTS
The Debate Over Presidential Service Beyond an Elected Term
One argument has been made in recent years about the ability of president, twice elected, to serve in a non-elected capacity when the office of the president is temporarily vacated; or the ability of president, twice elected, to be elected or appointed as vice president.
Under the 25th Amendment, a vice president becomes president when the office is vacant due to the president’s death, resignation, or removal from office. The vice president also can act as president when the president is unable to discharge their powers. If the vice president is unable to assume the president’s duties, or the office of vice president is vacant, the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 comes into play.
Under the Succession Act, the Speaker of the House becomes the acting president until the disabilities or inabilities of the president and vice president are resolved. The Speaker must resign their position to become the acting president. The Senate president pro tempore and then cabinet members are next in line of succession.
In a 1999 law review article, Scott E. Gant and Bruce G. Peabody raised the question that the 22nd Amendment’s language about term limits for a president was limited to their time elected to office. “We contend that the Twenty-Second Amendment proscribes only the reelection of an already twice-elected President.” They pointed to situations where a former two-term president could serve as vice president, or as acting president under the Succession Act in non-elected roles.
In 2016, Peabody noted in a separate law review article that there were arguments made by other scholars that the 12th Amendment limited vice-presidential succession to the presidency, specifically the amendment’s last sentence: “But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.”
The Constitution Annotated from the Library of Congress has discussed several of these questions. It noted the debate over the language of the 12th and 22nd Amendments and the question of the eligibility of a two-term president to serve as vice president. “Note also that neither amendment addresses the eligibility of a former two-term President to serve as Speaker of the House or as one of the other officers who could serve as President through operation of the Succession Act.”
As for President-elect Trump, the Constitution’s Article 1, Section 2 does not list qualifications for the Speaker of the House role, and it only states that the House shall choose its own Speaker. As of today, the House has never picked a non-member as Speaker, but it could do so, subject to its own rules.
The Congressional Research service has noted that the debate over these questions arose in 1960 when President Dwight Eisenhower was ending his second term and the questions could remain hypothetical until they actually occur. It also quoted then Secretary of State Dean Acheson, who said the issues “may be more unlikely than unconstitutional.”
. The 22nd Amendment and Presidential Service Beyond Two Terms
Trump wouldn't want to be speaker of the House even temporarily. Also any Republican president - if they ran on a platform of doing this deliberately resigning to let Trump become president after only serving as speaker for a day or two - then I can't see many people voting for him.
And if he was a genuine president elected on a genuine platform of his own, and this is about him giving up or dying and his vice president also - then Trump would serve for some time at least before resigning and Trump just wouldn't be able todo the job of speaker of the House for long.
And then finally if such a situation ever did arise then from the things I found there seems a significant possibility that the Supreme Court rules it as unconstitutional. The conservative justices are structuralist and that means they are willing to go beyond the text of the Constitution to draw out conclusions about the intention and here the intention is obvious that the president is not permitted to serve for 2 terms.
That is based on Roosevelt's opinion
QUOTE STARTS
Roosevelt, the University of Pennsylvania law professor, said any attempt to circumvent the 22nd Amendment in those ways would be challenged in court. “I think the odds of that [being successful] are extremely low,” he said.
“Obviously the concern the 22nd Amendment is addressing is that someone who serves more than two terms as president might accumulate too much power,” Roosevelt said. “That concern has nothing to do with how the person takes office the third (or fourth, or fifth) time.”
It just seems very implausible. Never likely to be tested and if it was likely proven to be unconstitutional.
In context a longer quote:
QUOTE STARTS
Peabody also told us in an email that a twice-elected president could run for vice president and serve as president if the president dies, resigns or is removed from office
....
(4) become Vice President-elect and then act as President if “a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of [the] term, or if the President-elect shall have failed to qualify” (20th Amendment)
(5) act as President under circumstances provided for by the Succession Act of 1947 which kicks in [when] both the President and the VP are unable to discharge their duties
Roosevelt, the University of Pennsylvania law professor, said any attempt to circumvent the 22nd Amendment in those ways would be challenged in court. “I think the odds of that [being successful] are extremely low,” he said.
“Obviously the concern the 22nd Amendment is addressing is that someone who serves more than two terms as president might accumulate too much power,” Roosevelt said. “That concern has nothing to do with how the person takes office the third (or fourth, or fifth) time.”
Why, then, does the 22nd Amendment say “be elected” instead of “serve”?
“[T]he answer is probably that the only other way to become president is by moving through the vice-presidency and they thought the 12th Amendment took care of that,” Roosevelt said.
The 12th Amendment, which was ratified in 1804, appears to disqualify a two-term president from being vice president. It extended the qualifications for presidents, such as age and residency requirements, to the vice presidency. It also states that “no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.”
Peabody interprets the 12th Amendment more narrowly than Roosevelt.
“The most obvious reading of this provision is that it applies to the Article II language discussing eligibility: ‘No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.’ Someone who is not a ‘natural born Citizen’ or someone who is 34 can’t come in the ‘back door’ by being, say, a VP and then becoming president,” Peabody said.
“But, in my view, those are the only ‘eligibility’ restrictions mentioned in the Constitution. And, of course, Mr. Trump meets the Article II eligibility language,” he added. “Bottom line: A plausible reading of the Constitution is that Trump could serve out his second term and still become or act as president through one of the scenarios described above.”
The 2009 CRS report weighed both of these arguments and concluded, “It seems unlikely that this question will be answered conclusively barring an actual occurrence of the as-yet hypothetical situation.”
At least one Democrat wants to prevent such an occurrence. Rep. Dan Goldman of New York has said he would introduce a House resolution barring Trump from serving more than two terms. NBC News, which obtained a copy of the resolution, wrote that it “reaffirms that the 22nd Amendment ‘applies to two terms in the aggregate as President of the United States’ and reaffirms that it ‘applies to President-elect Trump.'”
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If he didn’t loose the election in 2020 and in his immigration he is still president that makes two terms and he is not eligible for a third.